| Organism: |
Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura deposited as Bacillus subtilis var. nigerSmith et al. |
| Designations: |
NRS 1221A |
| Depositor: |
NR Smith |
| Biosafety Level: |
1 |
| Shipped: |
freeze-dried |
| Growth Conditions: |
ATCC medium3: Nutrient agar or nutrient broth
Temperature: 30.0°C |
| Permits/Forms: |
In addition to the MTA mentioned above, other ATCC and/or regulatory permits may be required for the transfer of this ATCC material. Anyone purchasing ATCC material is ultimately responsible for obtaining the permits. Please click here for information regarding the specific requirements for shipment to your location. |
| Comments: |
This strain is recommended by ATCC for use in the tests described in military specification MIL S-36586A and U.S. Pharmacopeia, 23rd rev., <1211>, pp. 1976-1981, 1995 where only the taxon is specified.
Variations in colonial morphology and pigmentation occur on nutrient agar; strain is orange on beef extract glucose agar and black on tyrosine agar. Selection of colonies for pigment enhancement is not advised.
respiration as a function of osmotic pressure [5565]
sterilizing effects of airborne sound waves [9279]
inactivation by oxygen gas plasma [8292] |
| Applications: |
Resistance Testing [92838]
dry heat sterilization control [21597] [11021] [21513]
efficacy testing [92591] [92594]
ethylene oxide sterilization control [11021] [21598] [21513]
media testing [92285]
steam sterilization control
sterility assurance [92308] [92400] [92826] [92392]
sterilization control [92814] [92806] |
| References: |
5565: Biochim. Biophys. Acta 62: 145, 1962.
8292: Nelson CL, Berger TJ. Inactivation of microorganisms by oxygen gas plasma. Curr. Microbiol. 18: 275-276, 1989.
8866: Nakamura LK. Taxonomic relationship of black-pigmented Bacillus subtilis strains and a proposal for Bacillus atrophaeus sp. nov.. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39: 295-300, 1989.
9279: Pisano MA, et al. Sterilizing effects of high-intensity airborne sonic and ultrasonic waves. Appl. Microbiol. 14: 732-736, 1966. PubMed: 4961527
11021: British Pharmacopoeia Commission Methods of sterilization. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVIII, 2003
21513: European Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological indicators of sterilization. Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission;European Pharmacopoeia EP 5.1.2, 1997
21597: U.S. Pharmacopeia Monographs: Biological Indicator for Dry-heat Sterilization, Paper Carrier. Rockville, MD:U.S. Pharmacopeia;USP USP28-NF23, 2005
21598: U.S. Pharmacopeia USP Monographs: Biological Indicator for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization, Paper Carrier. Rockville, MD:U.S. Pharmacopeia;USP USP28-Nf23, 2005
53429: Fritze D, Pukall R. Reclassification of bioindicator strains Bacillus subtilis DSM 675 and Bacillus subtilis DSM 2277 as Bacillus atrophaeus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 35-37, 2001. PubMed: 11211269
92285: Microbial Ranking of Porous Packaging Materials (Exposure Chamber Method). Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International;AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 997.17.
92308: Terminal Sterilization and Sterilization Indicators. Tokyo, Japan:Japanese Pharmacopoeia;JP JP14e.part II.15.
92392: Sterilization of health care products--Biological indicators--Part 2: Biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 11138-2:1994.
92400: Sterilization of single-use medical devices incorporating materials of animal origin--Validation and routine control of sterilization by liquid chemical sterilants. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 14160:1998.
92591: Standard Test Method for Determination of Effectiviness of Cleaning Processes for Reusable Medical Instruments Using a Microbiologic Method (Simulated Use Test). West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 2314-03.
92594: Standard Test Method for Quantitative Sporicidal Three-Step Method (TSM) to Determine Sporicidal Efficacy of Liquids, Liquid Sprays, and Vapor or Gases on Contaminated Carrier Surfaces. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 2414-05.
92806: Sterilization of health care products --- Biological indicators, Part 2: Biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization processes. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 11138-2:2006.
92814: Sterilization of health care products --- Biological indicators, Part 4: Biological indicators for dry heat sterilization processes. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 11138-4:2006.
92826: Sterilization of single-use medical devices incorporating materials of animal origin --- Validation and routine control of sterilization by liquid chemical sterilants, Annex A. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 14160:1998.
92838: Clothing for protection against infectious agents --- Test method for resistance to dry microbial penetration. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 22612:2005. |
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